过去5年，新加坡超24万企业被注销

2025年1月8日，新加坡交通部长兼财政部第二部长徐芳达代总理答复官委议员徐锦莉关于被会计与企业监管局注销实体的数量及确保其履行索赔和支付义务的措施。‍‍‍

以下内容为新加坡眼根据国会英文资料翻译整理：

徐锦莉（官委议员）询问总理兼财政部长：

(a) 自2020年以来，每年有多少实体从会计与企业监管局（ACRA）的注册中注销，各行业注销的百分比是多少？

(b) 被注销实体中有多少百分比未能履行所有解散义务，包括未遵守小额索赔法庭或雇佣索赔法庭的命令？

(d) 有哪些措施确保注册实体履行并维护对员工和承包商的支付义务？

徐芳达（交通部长兼财政部第二部长）先生的答复：注册实体与其员工或承包商之间的支付义务受合同法约束。如果此类实体违反其支付义务，员工和承包商有追索途径。员工可以向三方争议调解联盟（Tripartite Alliance for Dispute Management）提交与薪资相关的索赔或不当解雇索赔进行调解。

如果调解后争议仍未解决，根据《2016年雇佣索赔法》，符合条件的员工可以向雇佣索赔法庭对其雇主提出最高20,000新元的索赔，或在工会协助下提出最高30,000新元的索赔。承包商可以向小额索赔法庭提出最高20,000新元的特定索赔，如果双方达成同意备忘录，索赔金额可提高至30,000新元。

此外，员工和承包商也可以因合同违约向法院提起民事诉讼。如果注册实体未能遵守法庭或法院的命令，员工和承包商可以向法院申请强制执行该命令，作为判决债权人。

从2020年到2024年，约有247,000家企业实体停止营业。会计与企业监管局未记录已注销实体是否履行了所有解散义务的数据。

对于未履行义务（包括法院命令）的被注销企业实体，员工和承包商可以根据企业实体的类型寻求追索。

对于与其所有者没有独立法律人格的企业实体，如独资企业、合伙企业和有限合伙企业，即使企业实体已被注销，员工和承包商仍可以继续追究企业所有者的责任。

对于与其董事和成员具有独立法律人格的企业实体，如公司、可变资本公司和有限责任合伙企业，员工或承包商可以在实体清算或破产时作为债权人提出索赔。特别是，在破产清算中，员工的薪资索赔将优先于大多数无担保债务。

以下是英文质询内容：

Ms See Jinli Jean asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance (a) since 2020, how many entities from and what percentage of each sector have been deregistered from ACRA's registry annually; (b) what percentage of deregistered entities fail to fulfil all dissolution obligations including compliance orders by the Small Claims Tribunal or the Employment Claims Tribunal; (c) how are the directors of such entities made responsible and held accountable; and (d) what are the measures to ensure that registered entities provide for and uphold payment obligations to employees and contractors.

Mr Chee Hong Tat: Payment obligations between registered entities and their employees or contractors are governed by the law of contract. Employees and contractors have avenues for recourse, should such entities breach their payment obligations. Employees may submit a salary-related or wrongful dismissal claim for mediation at the Tripartite Alliance for Dispute Management.

If the dispute remains unresolved after mediation, the Employment Claims Act 2016 allows eligible employees to file a claim of up to $20,000, or $30,000 for union-assisted claims, against his or her employer in the Employment Claims Tribunals. Contractors may file a specified claim of up to $20,000 in the Small Claims Tribunals, or up to $30,000 if there is a Memorandum of Consent from both parties.

Alternatively, both employees and contractors can file a civil suit in the Courts for breach of contract. If registered entities fail to comply with an order by the Tribunals or Courts, employees and contractors may apply to Court to enforce the order as a judgment creditor.

From 2020 to 2024, there were approximately 247,000 cessations of business entities. Data on whether wound up entities have fulfilled all dissolution obligations is not captured by the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority.

Employees and contractors of deregistered business entities that have not complied with their obligations, including Court orders, can seek recourse depending on the type of business entity.

For business entities that have no separate legal personalities from their owners, such as sole proprietorships, partnerships and limited partnerships, employees and contractors may continue to pursue and enforce their claims against the business owners even if the business entities have been deregistered.

For business entities that have separate legal personalities from their directors and members, such as companies, variable capital companies and limited liability partnerships, employees or contractors can lodge a claim as creditors when the entity is being wound-up or liquidated. Specifically, employees' claims on salaries will be given priority over most unsecured debts in an insolvent winding up.

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