案 例 分 析
CASE STUDY
2025年3月18日1449时，马绍尔群岛籍散货船“D*”轮意图穿越砣矶水道，烟台海事局值班人员电子巡查发现后立即通过甚高频提醒该轮前方为禁航区，要求该轮调整航向使用老铁山水道或长山水道，船舶之后调整航向至老铁山水道航行。事后核查该轮航次计划发现，该轮原计划穿越砣矶水道驶抵下一港。得益于烟台海事局值班员的及时发现和提醒，避免了该轮穿越砣矶水道禁航区而导致的行政处罚、触损事故等后果。
At 1449 LT, March ,18, 2025, the Marshall Islands flag bulk carrier "D*" intended to pass through Tuoji Shuidao. The officer on watch of Yantai MSA immediately informed the vessel by VHF that the Tuoji Shuidao is a prohibited area and remind the vessel to alter course to Laotieshan Shuidao or Changshan Shuidao for safe navigation. The vessel followed the instruction and altered course to Laotieshan Shuidao. The later investigation found the bulk carrier "D*" planned to cross Tuoji Shuidao, and with the timely instruction of Yantai VTS，the vessel avoided administrative penalties and accidents that may be caused by crossing Tuoji Shuidao without authorization.
一、航行安全风险
I.Risks of Safety Navigation
渤海海峡是船舶进出渤海的唯一海上通道。位于海峡中南部的庙岛群岛将海峡自北向南有老铁山水道，北砣矶水道，南砣矶水道，长山水道，登州水道。
根据相关规定：庙岛群岛水道除老铁山水道、长山水道和登州水道（限200总吨以下船舶航行），其它诸水道禁止国内外商船通行。如果船舶在200总吨以上，进出渤海海峡，只有老铁山水道、长山水道可供通行。
Bohai Haixia is the only sea passage for ships entering and leaving the Bohai Sea. Miaodo Qundao, located in the south-central part of the strait, divide the strait from north to south into Laotieshan Shuidao, Beituoji Shuidao, Nantuoji Shuidao, Changshan Shuidao, and Dengzhou Shuidao.
According to the relevant regulations, the waterways of the Miaodo Qundao are forbidden for domestic and foreign merchant ships to pass through , except Laotieshan Shuidao, Changshan Shuidao and Dengzhou Shuidao (Only vessels of 200gt or less are permitted to use Dengzhou Shuidao). If the ship GRT is more than 200，to enter and/or leave the Bohai Haixia， only the Laotieshan Shuidao and Changshan Shuidao can be used.
船舶穿越砣矶水道（南砣矶水道、北砣矶水道）禁航区，不仅面临海事部门的行政处罚，还存在以下安全风险。
Ships crossing the prohibited area of Tuoji Shuidao (Nantuoji Shuidao, Beituoji Shuidao) not only faces administrative penalties from the maritime department, but also has the following safety risks.
1、触碰事故。砣矶水道（南砣矶水道、北砣矶水道）周边水域存在大量海上养殖和定置网具，船舶穿越砣矶水道会导致触碰养殖或者定制网具事故。
2、搁浅和触礁事故。砣矶水道（南砣矶水道、北砣矶水道）为禁航区，海测部门难以对相关水域开展勘测，通航资料更新慢。航海出版物上显示的水深等数据资料可能并不准确，北砣矶水道存在礁石，船舶尤其是大型船舶航行容易造成搁浅或触礁事故。
1. Accidents of touching and damaging aquaculture.
Large amount of marinefarms and rigged fishing nets existed in Tuoji Shuidao (Nantuoji Shuidao, Beituoji Shuidao) water area, unauthorized passing through this area might cause accidents.
2. Grounding accidents. Tuoji Shuidao (Nantuoji Shuidao, Beituoji Shuidao) is a prohibited area, the National Hydrographic Department cannot survey and update the hydrographic information to date regularly. The hydrographic information of Nautical Publications/Charts in this area might be inaccurate. Unknown rock(s) reported in Beituoji Shuidao, any unauthorized ship，especially large ships, passing this area may cause grounding accidents.
二、航海出版物及海图中的相关信息
II. Related information in nautical publications and nautical charts
纸质海图：在相关英版海图（如BA1206）上警示信息指出，老铁山水道、长山水道和庙岛海峡（登州水道）是通过渤海海峡的通航水道。值得注意的是只有200总吨以下的船舶才可以通过庙岛海峡（登州水道）。
Paper chart:Warning information on the British Admiralty Chart, (e.g. BA1206) states that Laotieshan Shuidao, Changshan Shuidao and Miaodao Haixia (Dengzhou Shuidao) are navigable waterways through the Bohai Haixia. It shall bear in mind that only vessels of 200gt or less are permitted to use Miaodao Haixia(Dengzhou Shuidao).
British Admiralty Chart
电子海图：以下快照显示了一款电子海图（ECDIS)上的警示信息：除长山水道和庙岛海峡（登州水道）外，庙岛群岛(的)其他水道禁止通行。
Electronic Charts:The following snapshot shows a warning information on one of the electronic charts (ECDIS) that navigating is prohibited in the fairways of Miaodao Qundao, except Changshan Shuidao and Miaodao Haixia(Dengzhou Shuidao).Only vessels of less than 200 tons can go through Miaodao Haixia.)
Warning information on the ECDIS
航路指南：英版航路指南NP32B规定，外国船舶只允许使用三个水道通过渤海海峡，即庙岛群岛北部的老铁山水道，长山水道， 以及庙岛海峡（登州水道）（仅适用总吨不超过200的船舶）。
Sailing Direction:ADMIRALTY Sailing Directions NP32B states that foreign vessels are permitted to use only three of the channels through Bohai Haixia as follows:Changshan Shuidao,Laotieshan Shuidao in the northern part of the Miaodao Qundao and; Miaodao Haixia; vessels of 200 gt or less only are pemitted to use this channel.)
ADMIRALTY Sailing Directions NP32B
其它海事安全信息：
烟台海事局针对外轮违规穿越砣矶水道问题，发布了多条航行警告（NW）和航海通告（NTM），如2017年NW SD0434、 NTM NO.068, 2020年NTM NO.0519, 2022年NW SD0088。
部分外轮船舶海图上显示的“Tuoji Dao-Daqin Dao Recommended Route”是指“砣矶岛-大钦岛”陆岛交通运输推荐航路，并非穿越砣矶水道禁航区的推荐航路。（详见中华人民共和国山东海事局《航行通告》鲁航通〔2023〕0738 号）。
Other maritime safety information：
Yantai MSA has issued a number of navigational warnings (NW) and notices to mariners (NTM) in response to the problem of foreign vessels illegally crossing Tuoji Shuidao, such as NW SD0434, 2017, NTM NO.068, NTM NO.0519, 2020, and NW SD0088。
2017 NW SD0434
NTM NO.068
2020 NTM NO. 0519
2022年NW SD0088
"Tuoji Dao-Daqin Dao Recommended Route" shown on the chart of some foreign ships refers to the recommended route for land-island transportation of "Tuoji Dao-Daqin Dao", which is not a recommended route through the restricted area of Tuoji Shuidao. (For details, please refer to the "Notice of Navigation" of Shandong MSA of the People's Republic of China, Luhangtong [2023] No. 0738).
三、原因分析
III: Analysis of causes
1、外轮对水道禁航的规定不熟悉。穿越禁航区的船舶均为外国船舶。砣矶水道（北砣矶水道、南砣矶水道）一直禁止船舶航行，已为中国籍船舶、船员所熟知，外国籍船舶船员对该水道禁航的相关规定不熟悉，偶有擅自驶入或穿越禁航区现象。
1. Foreign vessels are unfamiliar with the prohibition of navigation in waterways. According to analysis of record,Ships crossing the Tuoji Shuidao (Nantuoji Shuidao, Beituoji Shuidao) prohibited zone are all foreign ships. This prohibition rule is well known to Chinese ships and crew, The crew of foreign vessels are unfamiliar with the relevant regulations on the prohibition of navigation in this waterway, and occasionally enter or cross the prohibited area without authorization.
2、电子海图的航行注意事项不直观。电子海图信息显示系统已普遍配备到船，多数大型船舶配备2台电子海图以取代纸质海图。较之纸质海图，电子海图的航行注意事项不直观，都置于下拉菜单中，往往易被船员忽视。
2. The navigational notes display on electronic charts are not intuitive. And most large ships have two sets of ECDIS in replace ofpaper charts. Comparison with paper charts, the navigational notes placed in the drop-down menu display on ECDISare not intuitive ，which is often easily ignored by the crews.
3、电子海图中水域标注名称外籍船员难以理解。许多英版出版物中的地理名称使用了中文拼音而不是对应的英文翻译，群岛、水道、海峡等名称均以汉语拼音标识，对于外国籍船员而言，从复杂的电子海图界面上查找到QUNDAO、SHUIDAO、HAIXIA等名称，实属不易。
3. Difficulty of understanding the names of water in Chinese pinyin marked on ECDIS. The geographical names in many British admiraltypublications use Chinese pinyin instead of corresponding English translations, and the names of islands, waterways, straits, etc. are all identified in Chinese pinyin system. For foreign crews, it is not easy to find the names meaning of QUNDAO, SHUIDAO, HAIXIA, etc. from the complex ECDIS interface.
4、船舶可能为避开军事演习水域或渔船密集区域而选择砣矶水道。渤海和黄海北部经常开展军事演习，为避免此类活动可能造成的拥堵或延误，有些船舶可能会寻求其他“替代路线”。在渔汛季节，渤海海峡和黄海北部会有大量的渔船，如果船舶预计通过老铁山水道或长山水道存在大量的渔船，可能会寻求其他“替代航线”。
4.For avoidance of military exercises or heavy fishing area and mistakenly entering the prohibition zone. Unscheduled Military exercises are frequently conducted in the Bohai Sea and the northern Yellow Sea, The ship may seek alternative routes to avoid the congestion or delays that may result from such activities. During the fishing season, there are large numbers of fishing vessels in the Bohai Haixia and the northern part of the Yellow Sea, and ships may seek alternative routes if they anticipate the presence of large numbers of fishing vessels through Laotieshan Shuidao or Changshan Shuidao.
四、相关法律责任
IV. Relevant legal responsibilities
根据《中华人民共和国海上交通安全法》第四十四条的规定，船舶不得违反规定进入或者穿越禁航区。
According to article 44 of MARITIME TRAFFIC SAFETY LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, No vessel may enter or pass through a prohibited navigation area in violation of the provisions.
第一百零三条第七款列明了对违反规定进入或者穿越禁航区的处罚：船舶的所有人、经营人或者管理人处二万元以上二十万元以下的罚款；船长、责任船员处二千元以上二万元以下的罚款，暂扣船员适任证书三个月至十二个月；情节严重的，吊销船长、责任船员的船员适任证书。
Paragraph 7 of Article 103 sets out the penalties for entering or passing through a prohibited navigation zone in violation of the provisions: impose a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan on its owner, operator or manager, and impose a fine of not less than 2,000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan on the captain and crew member liable, and temporarily seize the certificate of competency for 3 to 12 months; if the circumstances are serious, the certificate of competency of the captain or crew member liable shall be revoked.
供稿：烟台海事局指挥中心 赵常林、李鹏君、范迪
如下是最新海况天气：
海洋天气公报
预报：翟丽萍 签发：黄彬2025年04月02日18时
我国近海将有5~7级风
一、近海海域天气实况
4月2日02时至14时，东海大部海域、台湾海峡、台湾以东洋面、南海东北部海域、南海中西部和南部海域出现了5~6级、阵风7级的偏北风或东北风。
二、未来三天具体预报
2日20时至3日20时，巴士海峡、南海东北部海域将有5～7级、阵风8级的东北风，渤海将有4级以下增大到5～6级、阵风7级的偏南风，台湾海峡、台湾以东洋面、琼州海峡、南海南部海域将有4～6级、阵风7级的偏东到东北风。
3日20时至4日20时，巴士海峡、南海东北部海域将有6～7级、阵风8级的东北风到偏东风，渤海将有5～6级、阵风7级的偏南转西北风，渤海海峡、黄海大部海域将有4～6级、阵风7级的偏南风，台湾海峡、台湾以东洋面、南海中东部海域将有4～6级、阵风7级的偏东到东北风。
4日20时至5日20时，渤海将有6～7级、阵风8级减弱到4～5级的西北风，黄海北部海域将有6～7级、阵风8级的偏西风，巴士海峡将有5～7级、阵风8级的偏东风，渤海海峡将有5～6级、阵风7级的西北风，黄海中部海域将有5～6级、阵风7级的偏南转偏西风，黄海南部海域、东海北部海域将有4～6级、阵风7级的偏南到西南风，南海东北部海域将有5～6级、阵风7级的偏东风。
三、未来4～7天天气展望
4月6日夜间至7日夜间，台湾海峡、台湾以东洋面、巴士海峡、南海北部部分海域将有5～6级、阵风7级的东北或偏东风。4月8日白天至9日白天，渤海、渤海海峡、黄海大部、东海大部将有5～7级、阵风8级的偏南风。
海事天气公报
ZCZC
WWCI50 BABJ 020600
2:1:31:11:01:00
BT
SECURITE =
MESSAGE FOR METAREA XI (CHINA) ISSUED BY NMC BEIJING
AT 1015UTC APR.02 2025 =
MESSAGE IS UPDATED EVERY 06 HOURS =
SYNOPSIS VALID 0600UTC APR.02 =
FCST VALID 0600UTC APR.03 =
WARNNING=
NIL=
SUMMARY=
NE/NLY WINDS FROM 10 TO 12M/S GUSTS 14M/S SEAS UP
TO 1.5M OVER SOUTHERN PART OF EAST CHINA SEA AND
TAIWAN STRAIT AND SEA EAST OF TAIWAN AND CENTRAL
PART OF SOUTH CHINA SEA AND SOUTHERN PART OF SOUTH
CHINA SEA=
HORIZONTAL VISIBILITY LESS THAN 10KM OVER NORTHERN
PART OF YELLOW SEA AND SOUTHERN PART OF YELLOW SEA
AND BASHI CHANNEL AND BEIBU GULF AND SOUTHWESTERN
PART OF SOUTH CHINA SEA AND ANDAMAN SEA AND
THAILAND GULF AND MALACCA STRAIT AND SEA EAST OF
SINGAPORE AND LAUT JAWA AND LAUT MALUKU AND LAUT
BANDA=
FCST=
NORTHERN PART OF EAST CHINA SEA
N WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S BACK NW
WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE CLOUDY VIS GOOD=
SOUTHERN PART OF EAST CHINA SEA
NE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S BACK N
WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE SUNNY VIS GOOD=
TAIWAN STRAIT
NE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE SUNNY VIS GOOD=
SEA EAST OF TAIWAN
NE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S DECR 06 TO
08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEA STATE ROUGH TO
MODERATE CLOUDY VIS GOOD=
BASHI CHANNEL
NE WINDS 12 TO 16M/S GUSTS 16 TO 20M/S SEA STATE
ROUGH OVERCAST VIS GOOD=
NORTHWESTERN PART OF SOUTH CHINA SEA
NE WINDS 06 TO 08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE OVERCAST BECMG SUNNY VIS GOOD=
NORTHEASTERN PART OF SOUTH CHINA SEA
NE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE TO ROUGH OVERCAST VIS GOOD=
WEST CENTRAL SOUTH CHINA SEA
NE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S DECR 06 TO
08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEA STATE MODERATE
OVERCAST VIS GOOD=
EAST CENTRAL SOUTH CHINA SEA
NE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S DECR 06 TO
08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEA STATE MODERATE CLOUDY
VIS GOOD=
SOUTHWESTERN PART OF SOUTH CHINA SEA
NE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE CLOUDY VIS GOOD=
SOUTHEASTERN PART OF SOUTH CHINA SEA
NE WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S DECR 06 TO
08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEA STATE MODERATE CLOUDY
VIS GOOD=
NORTHEASTERN PART OF JAPAN SEA
E WINDS BACK NE 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA
STATE MODERATE LIGHT RAIN VIS GOOD=
SOUTHWESTERN PART OF JAPAN SEA
NE WINDS 06 TO 08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S BACK N
WINDS 06 TO 08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE OVERCAST BECMG LIGHT RAIN VIS GOOD=
SEA SOUTH OF JAPAN
N WINDS 12 TO 16M/S GUSTS 16 TO 20M/S BACK NW
WINDS 12 TO 16M/S GUSTS 16 TO 20M/S SEA STATE VERY
ROUGH TO ROUGH OVERCAST VIS GOOD=
SEA EAST OF RYUKYU ISLANDS
N WINDS 08 TO 12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S DECR 06 TO
08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEA STATE ROUGH TO
MODERATE OVERCAST VIS GOOD=
SEA WEST OF BONIN ISLANDS
SW WINDS VEER N 06 TO 08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEA
STATE ROUGH TO MODERATE OVERCAST VIS GOOD=
SEA NORTHEAST OF THE PHILIPPINES
NE WINDS 06 TO 08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE OVERCAST VIS GOOD=
SEA WEST OF NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS
N WINDS VEER E 04 TO 06M/S GUSTS 06 TO 08M/S SEA
STATE MODERATE OVERCAST VIS GOOD=
SEA SOUTHEAST OF THE PHILIPPINES
NE WINDS 06 TO 08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE CLOUDY VIS GOOD=
SEA WEST OF GUAM
NE WINDS VEER E 06 TO 08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S SEA
STATE MODERATE CLOUDY BECMG MODERATE RAIN VIS GOOD
TO MODERATE=
SEA NORTHEAST OF INDONESIA
E WINDS 04 TO 06M/S GUSTS 06 TO 08M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE MODERATE RAIN VIS MODERATE=
SEA SOUTH OF VIETNAM
E WINDS 12 TO 16M/S GUSTS 16 TO 20M/S BACK NE
WINDS 12 TO 16M/S GUSTS 16 TO 20M/S SEA STATE
MODERATE MODERATE RAIN VIS MODERATE=
GULF OF THAILAND
E WINDS 06 TO 08M/S GUSTS 08 TO 12M/S INCR 08 TO
12M/S GUSTS 12 TO 16M/S SEA STATE MODERATE
MODERATE RAIN VIS MODERATE=
NNNN
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