“新年战甲可以做起来了!”春节假期临近,大家纷纷开始置办新年新装。对于爱美人士来说,从头发到指甲,每一个细节都要精致打理,漂漂亮亮地迎接新年。


然而,频繁美甲(manicure)的背后,健康隐患不容忽视——“指甲感染”“甲油胶有毒”“美甲灯可能致癌”的报道屡见不鲜,让人拿不准:美甲,还能做吗?


With the Chinese New Year around the corner, many beauty lovers are gearing up to get a fresh manicure to ring in the New Year. Yet, frequent nail treatments could potentially come with some health risks. gear up 为某事做好准备

有人出现“空甲”,有人患上罕见疾病

24岁的杭州女孩姗姗是重度美甲爱好者,隔三差五就要尝试不同的美甲风格,指甲经常3天一换色、7天一变装。但是,随着时间的推移,她的指甲竟然变成了这样↓


图源:钱江晚报

一开始是长出了一块多余的“肉”,这块肉越长越大,慢慢成了类似“三叉戟”的样子。姗姗急忙到医院检查,发现这个“三叉戟”其实是一种增生的肉芽组织。杭州市第一人民医院皮肤性病科副主任医师钟剑波诊断,这个赘生物是甲周纤维瘤(Periungual fibroma)。

甲周纤维瘤大部分都是创伤导致的,结合患者经历来看,医生认为姗姗的主要致病原因就是长期美甲。“一片穿戴甲(press-on nails)看似没有什么重量,但其实对指甲会产生很大的负担。而且美甲过程中,不管是指甲油还是操作手法,都会对指甲造成伤害。”钟剑波说,美甲一定要克制,千万不要频繁做。

A single nail extension may seem light, but it actually puts a lot of pressure on the nails. Additionally, the nail care process, including the application of nail polish and the techniques used, can damage the nails. Doctors emphasized the importance of moderation and advised against frequent manicures.

以为“没什么”的过程,原来这么伤

修剪、去死皮、打磨、涂色、照光、贴钻……对于资深美甲爱好者来说,这些步骤早已谙熟于心,但正是这些“常见流程”,无形中伤害了指甲。

经常美甲的人都会有这种感觉:频繁美甲一段时间,就会感到指甲变得表面粗糙和脆弱,这是因为许多指甲油本身含有会腐蚀指甲的甲醛等有害物质,加上美甲过程中对指甲本体的处理,都可能会损坏指甲健康。

此外,很多美甲店使用的工具都是共用的,即便每次换人使用时会进行酒精消毒或者水洗,但这些操作都难以完全杀灭细菌,这就会增加美甲爱好者患上甲沟炎(paronychia)等风险。特别是打磨等操作会使指甲变薄,处于屏障功能受损状态,给予病菌更多的入侵机会。同时,还会刺激皮肤免疫系统失调,引发连续性肢端皮炎(acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau)。

Even though many nail salons may clean tools with alcohol or water between clients, these measures often aren't enough to completely get rid of fungi and bacteria. This increases the risk of nail enthusiasts developing conditions like paronychia. In particular, procedures such as filing and buffing can weaken the nails, compromising their protective function and providing more opportunities for pathogens to enter. Additionally, such practices can disrupt the skin's immune system, potentially triggering conditions like acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau. file:锉削 buff:擦亮,抛光 immune system /ɪˈmjuːn sɪstəm/:免疫系统


图源:视觉中国

在美甲过程中,为了使甲胶能够牢固粘在指甲表面。美甲师会通过在指甲表面不断打磨,来增加摩擦力,以利于黏贴。这个不断打磨的过程就是不断损伤指甲表面脂质膜(lipid layer)和角蛋白(keratin)的过程。一旦指甲变薄,就容易发生断裂损伤。

During the manicure process, nail technicians often file the nail surface repeatedly to increase friction and help the gel polish adhere firmly to the nail. However, this repeated filing process damages the lipid layer and keratin on the nail surface. Once the nails become thinner, they are more prone to breaking and damage. be prone to 倾向于

医生表示,平时在门诊中,因频繁美甲而患上灰指甲(onychomycosis)的患者不在少数。一般来说,甲板周围被甲小皮保护得很好,但过度去死皮和抛光,会让指甲抵抗力下降,这时候如果碰到美甲工具消毒不彻底的情况就容易出现被感染的问题。

Doctors suggested that it is not uncommon to see patients in clinics who develop onychomycosis due to frequent manicures. Normally, the nail plate is well-protected by the cuticle, but excessive cuticle removal and polishing can weaken the nail's defense. In such cases, if nail tools are not thoroughly disinfected, the likelihood of infection significantly increases.

“偶尔做一次美甲没什么问题,但建议选择消毒到位的店。”浙大一院皮肤科主任乔建军强调,经常做美甲的指甲经过反复打磨就异常脆弱,经不起生活中的“磕磕碰碰”。另外医生还建议,美甲过后,最好间隔半个月到一个月的时间,再进行下次美甲,尽量少用穿戴甲,以免给指甲造成负担,卸甲的时候也不要暴力操作,尽量到正规的美甲店进行消费。

甲油胶、光疗灯......会致癌吗?

常有美甲商家宣称:美甲店里用的是甲油胶(Gel polish),不同于以往的指甲油,甲油胶不含甲醛,也没有毒性。

然而事实并非如此。甲油胶在正常使用情况下是相对安全的,但并不完全无毒。甲油胶的主要成分是树脂(resin)、光敏引发剂(photoinitiators),以及各种助剂。其中,有机溶剂(organic solvents)如丙酮(acetone)常用于调整甲油胶的粘度(viscosity)和流动性(fluidity),但它们可能在使用过程中挥发出来,对呼吸系统(respiratory system)和眼睛产生刺激作用。

Gel polish is relatively safe under normal usage conditions but is not completely non-toxic. Its primary components include resin, photoinitiators, and various other additives. Among these, organic solvents like acetone are commonly used to adjust the viscosity and fluidity of gel polish. However, these solvents may volatilize during use, potentially irritating the respiratory system and eyes.


图源:视觉中国

一些品牌商家为了节约成本,会使用甲醛(formaldehyde)树脂等对身体有伤害的材料。近年来的多次国家化妆品抽样检验工作中,屡次从甲油胶、指甲油产品中检出二氯甲烷(dichloromethane)等禁用原料。长期接触这些成分可能会引发许多严重的健康问题,例如甲苯(toluene)的长期暴露可能导致呼吸系统刺激,引发呼吸道炎症(inflammation)、咳嗽气喘等问题;甲醛、苯和乙醛等被认为具有潜在的毒性和致癌性。

Some brands, in an effort to reduce costs, use harmful materials such as formaldehyde resin. In recent years, multiple national cosmetic sampling inspections have repeatedly detected banned substances, such as dichloromethane in gel polish and nail polish products. Prolonged exposure to these ingredients can lead to serious health problems. For example, long-term exposure to toluene may irritate the respiratory system, causing problems like inflammation. Additionally, formaldehyde, benzene, and acetaldehyde are considered potentially toxic and carcinogenic.

此外,美甲店的环境也存在潜在风险。因此,尽管甲油胶在正常使用条件下相对安全,但消费者仍应保持警惕,并选择信誉良好的品牌和产品。确保在通风良好的环境中使用甲油胶,并尽量避免长时间接触有机溶剂的气味。

Furthermore, nail salon environments also present potential risks. While gel polish is relatively safe under normal usage conditions, consumers should remain cautious and choose reputable brands and products. It is essential to use gel polish in well-ventilated spaces and to minimize prolonged exposure to organic solvent fumes.


美甲店中空气挥发性有机化合物含量可能远远超标。图源:Lamplugh, Aaron, et al. "Occupational exposure to volatile organic compounds and health risks in Colorado nail salons." Environmental pollution 249 (2019): 518-526.

由于甲油胶的干燥速度远比指甲油慢,因此需要紫外线美甲灯(UV nail lamp)照射,在短时间内完成凝胶指甲的固化。然而,美甲灯照射也有可能对人体造成伤害。

紫外光美甲灯通常由多个发光二极管(LED)灯泡组成。紫外线的高剂量照射已被公认为引发皮肤癌的因素,那么美甲灯的紫外光会造成这种后果吗?2013年,美国犹他大学的一项研究指出,在做美甲不到10分钟的时间内,手所接受的紫外线照射剂量就相当于在户外工作一天的“推荐剂量”。

UV nail lamps are typically composed of multiple light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs. While high-dose UV exposure is a well-known factor in causing skin cancer, does the UV light from nail lamps have the same effect? A 2013 study by the University of Utah found that in less than 10 minutes of nail treatment, the hands receive a UV dose equivalent to the "recommended daily limit" for outdoor workers.


图源:视觉中国

虽然这些结果不能直接证明癌症风险增加,但频繁的美甲灯照射确实表明可能存在相当大的风险。爱美之心人皆有之,但扮美还需适度,无论如何,健康第一。


图源:视觉中国

那么,在追求美的同时,该如何保护好自己呢?划重点:

降低美甲频率。两次美甲之间的时间间隔,尽量在一个月以上;

► 选择信誉良好的产品、正规的美甲店 。不论是做美 甲还是卸甲,最好找正规商家进行操作,学会自己看配料表,选择更安全的水溶性指甲油(water-based nail polishes)或指甲贴片(nail stickers);

► 确保在通风良好的环境中使用甲油胶,并尽量避免长时间接触有机溶剂的气味;

► 在做美甲时采取一些预防措施,尽量减少对手部皮肤的处理,如佩戴防护手套、不打磨甲板表面、尽量不修剪甲小皮等等。

编辑:弓玥琪

实习生:张芷菡

来源:央视网

Lamplugh, Aaron, et al. "Occupational Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds and Health Risks in Colorado Nail Salons." Environmental Pollution, vol. 249, 2019, pp. 518-526.

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