受日冕物质抛射活动影响,北京时间1月1日11时开始,到1月2日02时,地球出现明显地磁活动,其中1月1日23时至2日02时发生全球地磁指数为8的特大地磁暴。目前地磁场已逐渐恢复。磁暴过程已结束。
Two coronal mass ejections (CME) struck Earth's magnetic field, sparking geomagnetic storm conditions starting Wednesday morning. A severe geomagnetic storm was observed from 11:00 pm on Wednesday, extending through 2:00 am on Thursday. coronal mass ejections (CME) 日冕物质抛射 geomagnetic storm 地磁暴
地磁暴是一种典型的太阳爆发活动。当太阳爆发时,会发生日冕物质抛射,一次抛射能将数以亿吨计的太阳物质以几百到几千米每秒的高速抛离太阳表面,这些物质中包含有巨大的能量,它们一旦朝向地球而来,命中地球,就会引发地磁场方向与大小的变化,这就是地磁暴。
A geomagnetic storm is a major disturbance of Earth's magnetosphere that occurs when there is a very efficient exchange of energy from the solar wind into the space environment surrounding Earth. When CMEs strike Earth's magnetosphere, they bring electrically charged particles called ions that collide with Earth's magnetic field. The solar wind produces major changes in the currents, plasmas, and fields in Earth's magnetosphere. particle /ˈpɑːrtɪk(ə)l:粒子 ion /ˈaɪɑːn/:离子 magnetosphere /mæɡˈnitəˌsfɪr/:磁层 current n. 电流 plasma /ˈplæzmə/:等离子
离子与大气气体碰撞,以光的形式释放能量,就会产生极光现象。受此次地磁暴影响,黑龙江漠河出现绚丽的极光美景。在漠河北极村,通过肉眼可以看到绿色、红色、紫色的极光在夜空中交相舞动。此次的极光当中绿色光带占比更大,而且极光持续时间更长。此外,在新疆、内蒙古等地也有大量的极光记录。
During these storms, ions collide with atmospheric gases, releasing energy in the form of light. This creates the stunning displays known as the northern lights, or aurora borealis, in the Northern Hemisphere, and the southern lights, or aurora australis, in the Southern Hemisphere. aurora /ɔːˈrɔːrə/:极光;晨曦
黑龙江漠河极光美景。以下同
外媒在报道这场磁暴与极光时表示,这是太阳在与人类一起庆祝新年。
While many celebrated New Year's Eve with bursts of glittering fireworks, the sun and Earth collaborated to give us a light show that no fireworks display could rival. 当许多人用绚丽的烟花庆祝新年时,太阳和地球合作为我们呈现了一场任何烟花表演都无法与之匹敌的光影秀。 The geomagnetic storms waxed and waned throughout the night, creating a dynamic celestial fireworks show that stretched well into the new year. 整个晚上,地磁暴时断时续,创造了一场漫天绚烂的烟花表演,一直持续到新年。 wax and wane 周期性变化;盈亏;盛衰
随着磁暴活动的发生,地球电离层中的电子密度相比前一天出现明显增大,我国上空电离层出现正向扰动,南方多地还出现了电离层闪烁现象,极区出现极光吸收,预计对高纬度地区高频通信中低频带造成一定影响,对于无人机、自动农机等电离层易感系统也要关注后续影响。
至于不少网友关心的问题,地磁暴会不会给人体带来影响?这个完全不用担心,因为地磁暴所产生的磁场变化量实际上很小,还没咱们家庭日常使用的“吸铁石”,“磁力粘钩”的磁性强,大家完全不用在意。不过,强烈的地磁活动可能会影响动物的迁徙和导航能力。例如,对于借助太阳和地磁导航的信鸽而言,地磁暴带来的影响是巨大的。
The storms can disrupt navigation systems such as the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and create harmful geomagnetic induced currents (GICs) in the power grid and pipelines. Some have speculated that migrating animals which use magnetoreception to navigate, such as birds and honey bees, might also be affected.
编辑:弓玥琪
来源:环球时报 中国气象局 国家空间天气监测预警中心 科技日报 NOAA 维基百科 Fox Weather Space.com